Journal
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 626-641Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt063
Keywords
neurological soft signs; brain imaging; activation likelihood estimation; meta-analysis; schizophrenia; psychosis
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Funding
- National Science Fund China Outstanding Investigator Award [81088001]
- National Key Technologies RD Programme [2012BAI36B01]
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health
- Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-J-8]
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Principal Research Fellowship [628386]
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Distinguished Investigator Award
- National Health and Medical Research Council Program Grant [566529]
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Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) are associated with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. NSS have been conventionally considered as clinical neurological signs without localized brain regions. However, recent brain imaging studies suggest that NSS are partly localizable and may be associated with deficits in specific brain areas. Method: We conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to quantitatively review structural and functional imaging studies that evaluated the brain correlates of NSS in patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Six structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and 15 functional magnetic -resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were included. Results: The results from meta-analysis of the sMRI studies-indicated that NSS were associated with atrophy of the precentral gyrus, the cerebellum, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the thalamus. The results from meta-analysis of the fMRI studies demonstrated that the NSS-related task was significantly associated with altered brain activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral putamen, the cerebellum, and the superior temporal gyrus. Conclusions: Ourfindings from both sMRI and fMRI meta-analyses further support the conceptualization of NSS as a manifestation of the cerebello-thalamo-prefrontal brain network model of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.
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