Changes in the spatio-temporal organization of the trapezius muscle activity in response to eccentric contractions

We hypothesized changes in the spatial organization of the trapezius muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity after a shoulder eccentric exercise. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), the size of the soreness area, maximum force and, EMG from the upper, middle and lower trapezius were recorded. Root mean square (RMS), mean frequency (MNF) and normalized mutual information (a measure of functional connectivity between muscle sub-divisions) were computed during submaximal dynamic and static contractions performed before, immediately after and 24 h after exercise. Immediately after exercise, RPE, soreness area, RMS from the upper and middle trapezius and normalized mutual information among upper-middle sub-divisions increased while MNF decreased for the middle trapezius (P < 0.05). After 24 h, the maximum force decreased. RMS from the upper trapezius and normalized mutual information among upper-middle trapezius sub-divisions were higher than before exercise. MNF values increased from immediately after to 24 h after for the upper and lower trapezius (P < 0.05). The current results underlined changes in the spatio-temporal organization of the trapezius in response to shoulder eccentric exercise. The observed changes in EMG temporal and spectral contents and the enhanced sub-division coupling underlined the functional role of spatial variations of the EMG activity during muscle fatigue and in the presence of delayed-onset muscle soreness.