Three dimensional metal oxides-graphene composites and their applications in lithium ion batteries

Because of the huge energy and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels, R&D on innovative energy storage systems has never become so important as today. Although there are still some safety, energy, power and cost issues because of which electric vehicles are becoming more and more common in our daily life, such as E-bikes or E-cars. This paper provides an overview of the recent progress on three dimensional (3D) metal oxides-graphene (MOs-G) composites as advanced electrode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Beginning with a brief description of the importance and preparation methods of 3D MOs-G composites, the effects of the morphology and size of metal oxides (MOs) or graphene on composites for LIBs are then systematically reviewed and discussed. Additionally, important effects of composition and interactions between metal oxides and graphene are also pointed out. Finally, the future challenges of MOs-G composites for lithium ion batteries are discussed.