Interactive effect of nitric oxide and brassinosteroids on photosynthesis and the antioxidant system of Lycopersicon esculentum

An interactive effect of nitric oxide and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) or 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) was investigated in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. K-21. Seeds prior to sowing were exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0, 10(-5) M or 1 M), a nitric oxide donor, for 8 h, and the resulting seedlings were subsequently sprayed with 10(-8) M EBL or HBL at 30-day stage. The analysis of plant samples after 24 h of the EBL or HBL spray showed that the lower SNP concentration (10(-5) M) favored the growth, pigment content, photosynthetic and enzymatic activities, and also improved the antioxidant system. However, 1 M SNP had inhibitory impact on most of the indices, except the antioxidant system. Brassinosteroids (EBL or HBL), on the other hand, had a stimulatory impact on the aforementioned indices. The inhibitory effect of SNP (1 M) was neutralized by the application of BRs, where EBL was more effective than HBL.