Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 84, Pages 68476-68484Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11847f
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Funding
- NSFC
- Guangdong Provincial Government [U1201243]
- project for scientific research conditions of Guangzhou [2012224-7]
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5,10-Dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide (DPPA) served as a co-curing agent for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in the curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP). H-1 NMR tracking the reaction of DPPA with DGEBA revealed that the P-H bond in DPPA had a higher reactivity with the epoxy group than the N-H bond. DPPA could promote the curing reaction of DDM with DGEBA. DPPA endowed the epoxy resin with a high flame-retardant efficiency due to the unique combination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the phenophosphazine ring. The cured epoxy resin could achieve a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 33.6% at only 2.5 wt% DPPA. The reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, and increased char yield further verified the excellent flame retardancy of EP. The flame-retardant mechanism of the epoxy resin was investigated by thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and FTIR spectrometry. The results indicated that DPPA catalyzed the formation of the rigid intumescent char and the generation of the blowing-out effect in the epoxy resin matrix.
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