Journal
ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 700-709Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcim.2012.03.004
Keywords
iGPS; Laser radar; R-LAT; Adaptive robot control; Industrial manipulators; Fuselage alignment; EN ISO 9283
Funding
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
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The alignment of aircraft fuselages in the aerospace sector is currently done either manually or by complex, expensive automated systems. The manual process introduces a significant production delay and the automated systems are purpose-built and have limited flexibility, apart from its financial drawback. This work proposes a low-cost, high-flexibility system and, as part of it, evaluates the performance of a Rotary-Laser Automatic Theodolite (R-LAT) as a feedback source for the adaptive robot control of an anthropomorphic manipulator. In the proposed solution the robot carries a fuselage barrel and aligns it with respect to a second barrel. A high accuracy, frequency-modulated laser equipment is used to generate the reference system for the procedure. The measurements of the R-LAT are then verified with the frequency-modulated laser equipment in order to determine the linear and angular alignment tolerances achieved by the robot/R-LAT closed loop in a predefined work envelope. A throughout, step-by-step analysis of the measuring procedure is carried out to allow the recognition of error sources and thus the determination of an optimized method. These results identify the operation boundaries of the R-LAT within the process and yield its best configuration for the intended purpose. Using the EN ISO 9283 robot evaluation standard, the closed loop system was found to attain the nominal position with an average accuracy of 0.38 mm and 0.01 degrees, contrasting with an average accuracy of 4.53 mm and 0.21 degrees when the robot was operating in an open loop configuration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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