Journal
RNA BIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages 1529-1539Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/15476286.2014.992277
Keywords
comparative genomics; modified nucleosides; translation; tRNA; t(6)A; universal proteins
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 GM70641]
- French Embassy in the United States
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The tRNA modification field has a rich literature covering biochemical analysis going back more than 40years, but many of the corresponding genes were only identified in the last decade. In recent years, comparative genomic-driven analysis has allowed for the identification of the genes and subsequent characterization of the enzymes responsible for N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A). This universal modification, located in the anticodon stem-loop at position 37 adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs, is found in nearly all tRNAs that decode ANN codons. The t(6)A biosynthesis enzymes and synthesis pathways have now been identified, revealing both a core set of enzymes and kingdom-specific variations. This review focuses on the elucidation of the pathway, diversity of the synthesis genes, and proposes a new nomenclature for t(6)A synthesis enzymes.
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