Rituximab and concomitant leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rituximab has only been approved in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. As some patients have intolerance to methotrexate, alternative co-therapies are needed. This method involved retrospective analysis of ten patients treated with a combination of rituximab and leflunomide. Primary outcome measures were the DAS28 response at month 6 and the time to relapse. The median initial DAS 28 of 5.7 (3.2-7.2) was reduced to 3.5 (1.9-6.1) at month 6. 70% of the patients achieved a good or moderate response, whereas 30% showed no response. Two patients had to stop leflunomide due to adverse effects. Two patients had to reduce the leflunomide dose to 10 mg/day. 5/8 patients experienced a relapse after a median of 10 (6-30) months and were successfully re-treated with rituximab. This small case series suggests that leflunomide might offer an alternative DMARD combination option for the treatment of RA with rituximab.