Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 6, Issue 29, Pages 26599-26614Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5613
Keywords
LTX-315; necrosis; mitochondrial membrane permeabilization; cancer; mitophagy
Categories
Funding
- China Scholarship Council
- Ligue contre le Cancer (equipes labelisees)
- Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) - Projets blancs
- ANR
- ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases
- Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC)
- Canceropole Ile-de-France
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
- Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller
- Fondation de France
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM)
- European Commission (ArtForce)
- European Research Council (ERC)
- LabEx Immuno-Oncology
- SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE)
- SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM)
- Swiss Bridge Foundation, ISREC
- Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI)
- Lytix Biopharma Ltd
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LTX-315 has been developed as an amphipathic cationic peptide that kills cancer cells. Here, we investigated the putative involvement of mitochondria in the cytotoxic action of LTX-315. Subcellular fractionation of LTX-315-treated cells, followed by mass spectrometric quantification, revealed that the agent was enriched in mitochondria. LTX-315 caused an immediate arrest of mitochondrial respiration without any major uncoupling effect. Accordingly, LTX-315 disrupted the mitochondrial network, dissipated the mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, and caused the release of mitochondrial intermembrane proteins into the cytosol. LTX-315 was relatively inefficient in stimulating mitophagy. Cells lacking the two pro-apoptotic multidomain proteins from the BCL-2 family, BAX and BAK, were less susceptible to LTX-315-mediated killing. Moreover, cells engineered to lose their mitochondria (by transfection with Parkin combined with treatment with a protonophore causing mitophagy) were relatively resistant against LTX-315, underscoring the importance of this organelle for LTX-315-mediated cytotoxicity. Altogether, these results support the notion that LTX-315 kills cancer cells by virtue of its capacity to permeabilize mitochondrial membranes.
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