Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 7, Issue 4, Pages 4385-4398Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6596
Keywords
radiation therapy; brain; neuroanatomy; behaviour; gene expression
Categories
Funding
- Alberta Cancer Foundation Dr. Cyril Kay Graduate Scholarship
- CIHR-Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Alberta Innovates [201500277] Funding Source: researchfish
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3Radiation therapy can not only produce effects on targeted organs, but can also influence shielded bystander organs, such as the brain in targeted liver irradiation. The brain is sensitive to radiation exposure, and irradiation causes significant neurocognitive deficits, including deficits in attention, concentration, memory, and executive and visuospatial functions. The mechanisms of their occurrence are not understood, although they may be related to the bystander effects. We analyzed the induction, mechanisms, and behavioural repercussions of bystander effects in the brain upon liver irradiation in a well-established rat model. Here, we show for the first time that bystander effects occur in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions upon liver irradiation, where they manifest as altered gene expression and somewhat increased levels of fH2AX. We also report that bystander effects in the brain are associated with neuroanatomical and behavioural changes, and are more pronounced in females than in males.
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