Journal
ONCOTARGET
Volume 6, Issue 29, Pages 27832-27846Publisher
IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4940
Keywords
T lymphocytes; myeloid cells; vaccine; tumor regression; imaging
Categories
Funding
- La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Worldwide Cancer Research
- CNRS [PICS 06266]
- Worldwide Cancer Research [13-0260] Funding Source: researchfish
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Most cancer immunotherapies under present investigation are based on the belief that cytotoxic T cells are the most important anti-tumoral immune cells, whereas intra-tumoral macrophages would rather play a pro-tumoral role. We have challenged this antagonistic point of view and searched for collaborative contributions by tumor-infiltrating T cells and macrophages, reminiscent of those observed in anti-infectious responses. We demonstrate that, in a model of therapeutic vaccination, cooperation between myeloid cells and T cells is indeed required for tumor rejection. Vaccination elicited an early rise of CD11b(+) myeloid cells that preceded and conditioned the intra-tumoral accumulation of CD8(+) T cells. Conversely, CD8(+) T cells and IFN gamma. production activated myeloid cells were required for tumor regression. A 4-fold reduction of CD8(+) T cell infiltrate in CXCR3KO mice did not prevent tumor regression, whereas a reduction of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells significantly interfered with vaccine efficiency. We show that macrophages from regressing tumors can kill tumor cells in two ways: phagocytosis and TNFa release. Altogether, our data suggest new strategies to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapies, by promoting intra-tumoral cooperation between macrophages and T cells.
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