Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 4124-4138Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu7064124
Keywords
dietary inflammatory index; cardiovascular disease; PREDIMED; inflammation
Categories
Funding
- Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045]
- Spanish government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares [CNIC 06/2007]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Proyecto de Investigacion (PI)) [04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505, PI13/00462]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias) [(AGL)-2009-13906-C02, AGL2010-22319-C03, AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R]
- Fundacion Mapfre
- Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia [PI0105/2007]
- Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia
- Generalitat Valenciana (Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementatia (GVACOMP)) [06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151]
- Conselleria de Sanitat y AP
- Atencion Primaria (CS) [2010-AP-111, CS2011-AP-042]
- Regional Government of Navarra [P27/2011]
- Centre Catala de la Nutricio de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans
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Previous studies have reported an association between a more pro-inflammatory diet profile and various chronic metabolic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of nutrients and foods in the context of a dietary pattern. We prospectively examined the association between the DII and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD: myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) in the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) study including 7216 high-risk participants. The DII was computed based on a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of CVD risk were computed across quartiles of the DII where the lowest (most anti-inflammatory) quartile is the referent. Risk increased across the quartiles (i.e., with increasing inflammatory potential): HRquartile2 = 1.42 (95%CI = 0.97-2.09); HRquartile3 = 1.85 (1.27-2.71); and HRquartile4 = 1.73 (1.15-2.60). When fit as continuous the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional standard deviation of the DII was 1.22 (1.06-1.40). Our results provide direct prospective evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular clinical events.
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