Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 9804-9824Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu7125509
Keywords
plant protein; animal protein; diabetes; glycemic control
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research through the Canada-wide Human Nutrition Trialists' Network (NTN) [129,920]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)-Fredrick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre (BBDC)-Yow Kam-Yuen Graduate Scholarship in Diabetes Research
- Government of Canada through the Canada Research Chair Endowment
- PSI Foundation Graham Farquharson Knowledge Translation Fellowship
- Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) Clinician Scientist Award
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Ministry of Research and Innovation's Ontario Research Fund (ORF)
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Previous research on the effect of replacing sources of animal protein with plant protein on glycemic control has been inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of this replacement on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through 26 August 2015. We included RCTs 3-weeks comparing the effect of replacing animal with plant protein on HbA(1c), fasting glucose (FG), and fasting insulin (FI). Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data, assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q-statistic) and quantified (I-2-statistic). Thirteen RCTs (n = 280) met the eligibility criteria. Diets emphasizing a replacement of animal with plant protein at a median level of similar to 35% of total protein per day significantly lowered HbA(1c) (MD = -0.15%; 95%-CI: -0.26, -0.05%), FG (MD = -0.53 mmol/L; 95%-CI: -0.92, -0.13 mmol/L) and FI (MD = -10.09 pmol/L; 95%-CI: -17.31, -2.86 pmol/L) compared with control arms. Overall, the results indicate that replacing sources of animal with plant protein leads to modest improvements in glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Owing to uncertainties in our analyses there is a need for larger, longer, higher quality trials. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02037321.
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