Fermentative losses and chemical composition of pupunha palm by-products ensiled with chemical additives

Feeding animals with agro-residues may reduce costs and environmental concerns. The agroindustrial wastes used as ruminant feeding are an alternative for ambient problems caused by it accumulation. This study aimed to evaluate chemical additives on the ensilage of residues of pupunha palm (Bactris gasipaes, Kunth) production. Experimental silos (20 L buckets) were used equipped with meters to determine gas and effluent DM losses. The experimental treatments were: control (no additives); urea (1% - wet basis) and calcium oxide (1% WB). After 70 days storage, the silos were weighed, opened and sampled. Effluent and gas DM losses increased with the application of calcium oxide at ensiling. Total DM losses were 15.1, 14.4 and 26.6% for the Control, Urea and Calcium oxide treatments, respectively. In all the treatments there was reduction in the NDF and increase in ADF increasing rates, that showed hemicellulose disappearance. The Ca:P ratio increased dramatically after calcium oxide addition, from 4.1:1 to 15.6:1. The residue from pupunha heart of palm extraction can be classified as a medium quality foodstuff with high moisture content. The additive applied at ensiling are not effective in reducing fermentative losses during the conservation process.