Journal
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 404-U80Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3010
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [DP2 OD006449, R01AG042400]
- Center for Vertebrate Genomics at Cornell
- Ellison Medical Foundation [AG-NS-0605-09]
- US Department of Defense [W81XWH-14-1-0068]
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In response to stress, cells attenuate global protein synthesis but permit efficient translation of mRNAs encoding heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Although decades have passed since the first description of the heat-shock response, how cells achieve translational control of HSP synthesis remains enigmatic. Here we report an unexpected role for mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18 (MRPL18) in the mammalian cytosolic stress response. MRPL18 bears a downstream CUG start codon and generates a cytosolic isoform in a stress-dependent manner. Cytosolic MRPL18 incorporates into the 80S ribosome and facilitates ribosome engagement on mRNAs selected for translation during stress. MRPL18 knockdown has minimal effects on mitochondrial function but substantially dampens cytosolic HSP expression at the level of translation. Our results uncover a hitherto-uncharacterized stress-adaptation mechanism in mammalian cells, which involves formation of a 'hybrid' ribosome responsible for translational regulation during the cytosolic stress response.
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