EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATES AND SOURCES ON EUCALYPTUS YIELD AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN THE CERRADO REGION OF MINAS GERMS

In spite of the high amount of N accumulated in high-yielding, short-rotation eucalyptus plantations, no significant or consistent increases in trunk volume have been observed in response to N fertilization. This experiment evaluated the effect of N fertilization on the growth and chemical composition of eucalyptus as well as its role in soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications, in Itamarandiba- MG. Two N sources (ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate) of increasing N rates (0, 60, 120, 240 kg ha(-1)) were tested on the eucalyptus clones AEC1528 (R). The effect of the treatments on tree growth and N accumulation were evaluated in 30 month-old trees with average DBH, which were harvested and separated in stem, bark, branches, and leaves to determine dry matter production and nutrient contents. Soil and forest litter samples were collected for chemical analyses. Total C and N content of particulate organic matter (POM) and organic matter associated to the mineral fraction (OMAM) were quantified by mass spectrometry (IRMS) after physical separation of SOM. The statistical analyses consisted of variance analysis and regression. Nitrogen fertilization increased trunk volume and aerial dry matter. The estimated N rate to obtain 90 % of the maximum trunk volume was 74 kg ha(-1) in the form of ammonium sulfate, and increased the yield by 42.3 % in comparison to the control plot without N fertilization. In response to N rates of 120 kg ha(-1), no difference was observed between ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. No alterations in SOM C and N stocks were detected due to N application. However, there was an increase in Ca, Mg and S absorption. The apparent N recovery rate in the field was highest at the N rate of 120 kg ha(-1), reaching 34.4%.