Journal
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
Volume 85, Issue 3, Pages 1191-1244Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1191
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Funding
- NSF
- ARO
- DARPA OLE program
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering at the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE)
- Sloan Foundation
- Packard Foundation
- Hellman Faculty Fund at the University of California
- Miller Institute at the University of California
- MEXT of Japan [22103005, 22340114]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [1206093] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22103005, 22340114, 22103001] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Spinor Bose gases form a family of quantum fluids manifesting both magnetic order and superfluidity. This article reviews experimental and theoretical progress in understanding the static and dynamic properties of these fluids. The connection between system properties and the rotational symmetry properties of the atomic states and their interactions are investigated. Following a review of the experimental techniques used for characterizing spinor gases, their mean-field and many-body ground states, both in isolation and under the application of symmetry-breaking external fields, are discussed. These states serve as the starting point for understanding low-energy dynamics, spin textures, and topological defects, effects of magnetic-dipole interactions, and various nonequilibrium collective spin-mixing phenomena. The paper aims to form connections and establish coherence among the vast range of works on spinor Bose gases, so as to point to open questions and future research opportunities.
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