Journal
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 163-172Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-011-9168-2
Keywords
Obesity; Skeletal muscle; IMCL; Insulin resistance; PGC-1 alpha; Exercise
Categories
Funding
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (Ministry of Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia)
- Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health)
- Commission of the European Communities [HEALTH-F2-2008-201100]
- European Union [BM0602]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
An alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and associated diseases can be observed world-wide during the past 20 years. In obesity, profound alterations in the secretion profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers as well as increased lipolysis occur, leading besides other events to elevated levels of free fatty acids, which in turn are distributed to nonadipose tissue such as skeletal muscle. While the amount of intramyocellular lipids can be used as a marker of insulin resistance in physical inactive individuals, these neutral triglycerides themselves are not thought to be harmful. However, they provide a source for the generation of harmful lipid metabolites such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, which are implicated in insulin resistance by perturbing insulin signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the role of lipid metabolites in insulin resistance and potential mechanism involved in accumulation of intramyocellular lipids. Furthermore, we will highlight the key role of PGC-1 alpha, which is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and coordinates the activation of genes involved in oxidative energy production as well as genes involved in fiber type transformation. Finally, the role of exercise in stimulating PGC-1 alpha activity and expression as well as the release of contraction-induced myokines is discussed.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available