Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 8, Issue 12, Pages 8467-8495Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma8125469
Keywords
piezoelectric actuator; multilayer; lead-free; bismuth sodium titanate
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Funding
- Christian Doppler Research Association
- Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy
- EPCOS OHG, a group company of TDK-EPC Corporation
- University of Nottingham
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The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.
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