Middle Eocene dinoflagellate cysts from Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment

The upper member of the Rio Turbio Formation is a well-exposed marine Eocene unit at high latitudes in Patagonia, Argentina. It holds important information helpful to reconstruct regional climate and oceanographic patterns in an area adjacent to the Drake Passage. Knowledge on the paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic evolution of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean during the Paleogene is hindered by the lack of precise tools to date and correlate the sedimentary units. In this paper we present the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the upper member of the Rio Turbio Formation and compare the stratigraphic distribution of their species with the ranges proposed in the Paleogene Southern Pacific Ocean dinoflagellate cyst zonation. The abundance of Enneadocysta dictyostila, the first occurrence of Impagidinium parvireticulatum and the presence of Vozzhennikovia apertura all allow us to propose a mid-Lutetian to mid-Priabonian age (44.6 to 34 Ma) for the upper member of the Rio Turbio Formation. The study section is characterized by a middle Eocene endemic-Antarctic dinocyst assemblage. According to the dinocyst assemblages the analyzed section can be divided into four zones. Zone I is dominated by E. dictyostila, which points to a distal setting in an inner shelf environment. Zone II exhibits a high abundance of V. apertura, thus suggesting high trophic levels and cool waters in a shallow-marine, coastal environment. Zone III is dominated by I. parvireticulatum and a lower abundance of E. dictyostila, both species indicating a possible deepening of the depositional area with increasing influence of oceanic waters. Finally, Zone IV is dominated by V. apertura, indicating shallow marine waters. Our data suggest that V. apertura could have been produced by a stress-tolerant dinoflagellate species. Toward the top of the section, the samples are dominated exclusively by sporomorphs and zygospores of fresh-water green algae, which indicate a transition from a tide-dominated deltaic to a continental environment (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.