Journal
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
Volume 15, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-22
Keywords
Air pollution; Neutrophilia; Inflammation; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Interleukin-8; Transactivation; Ligand shedding
Categories
Funding
- British Lung Foundation
- MRC [G0900453] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0900453] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0510-10021] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: Diesel exhaust is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity. Acute exposure leads to increased IL-8 expression and airway neutrophilia, however the mechanism of this response is unknown. Objectives: As cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 expression by epithelial cells involves transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we studied the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on IL-8 release and the role of the EGFR. Methods: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were exposed to DEPs or carbon black. IL-8 and EGFR ligand expression (transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and amphiregulin (AR)) were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: DEP, but not carbon black, caused a dose-dependent increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and IL-8 expression, however above 50 mu g/ml there was an increase in cytotoxicity. At 50 mu g/ml, DEPs stimulated transcription and release of IL-8 and EGFR ligands. IL-8 release was blocked by EGFR neutralizing antibodies, an EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and by the metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001, which blocks EGFR ligand shedding. Neutralizing antibodies to AR, TGFa and heparin-binding (HB)-EGF reduced DEP-induced IL-8 by > 50%. Conclusion Expression of IL-8 in response to DEPs is dependent on EGFR activation and that autocrine production of EGFR ligands makes a substantial contribution to this response. Capsule Summary: This study identifies a mechanism whereby diesel particles stimulates IL-8 release from bronchial epithelial cells. This mechanism may help to explain the recruitment of neutrophils into the airways of people exposed to particulate air pollution.
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