Journal
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
Volume 139, Issue -, Pages 188-193Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.08.011
Keywords
Nickel; Sustainability; Recycling; Resource utilization; China
Categories
Funding
- Open Fund from Key Lab of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Land Resources [CCA2017.12]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71373141, 41430861]
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Rapid economic growth and accelerating urbanization in the past three decades have accelerated the exhaustion of China's mineral resources. China is the world's largest consumer and importer of nickel resources; therefore, a growing domestic demand will increase China's import dependence and in turn make it potentially vulnerable to supply shortages. One hundred years from 1950 to 2050 were examined for China's nickel utilization. Identified domestic nickel resources can only sustain China's industries until 2017, but nickel will reach peak utilization around the year of 2020-2022. Given the 5% annual increase in applications and the growing importation of minerals in China, the carrying duration of nickel resources until 2020 will require a nickel-recycling rate of more than 90%. To sustain China's nickel utilization, future strategies should foster three solutions: maintaining a high level of imports, adjusting the landscape of nickel applications, and shifting from virgin mining of geological minerals to urban mining of anthropogenic resources.
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