Constraints and opportunities for the recycling of growing ferronickel slag in China

Ferronickel slag is a by-product of nickel production. The discharge of ferronickel slag has gradually increased with the expansion of the scale of smelting for ferronickel alloys in China, which is a huge challenge for environmental protection. Ferronickel slag recycling has good economic and social benefits. In this perspective, in accordance with the inherent physical and chemical properties of ferronickel slag, we explain the factors restricting ferronickel slag recycling and propose the potential pathways for ferronickel slag recycling. We also point out that the technical and environmental standards related to ferronickel slag recycling should be formulated. This perspective can provide an important reference for the sustainable development of the industry focused on ferronickel production in the future.