Journal
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 3-4, Pages 210-219Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.09.015
Keywords
Bisphenol-A; Xenoestrogen; Endocrine disruptor; Mammary gland; Intraductal hyperplasia; Critical period; Lactation; Breast cancer
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [ES08314, ES013884]
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Humans are routinely exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic compound that leaches from consumer products. Given the sensitivity of the developing organism to hormones, exposure of fetuses and infants is a concern. Here, CD-1 mice were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of BPA during gestation and the lactational period (gestational day 8 through postnatal day 16). At 3, 9 and 12-15 months of age, mammary glands from exposed offspring were examined for structural changes. BPA-exposed females demonstrated altered mammary phenotypes including the appearance of alveolar buds. Additionally, intraductal hyperplasias were observed exclusively in BPA-exposed females. These lesions had the appearance of beaded ducts, with epithelial cells present inside the ductal lumen and increased proliferation indexes compared to normal ducts. Similar structures have also been observed following exposure to other estrogens. These results are further evidence that perinatal BPA exposure can alter the morphology of the rodent mammary gland in adulthood. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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