Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome: Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Umbilical Endothelial Cells

Preeclampsia (PE) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome have been linked to congenital fetal disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Different incidences may argue for the association of noncongenital alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism with PE/HELLP syndrome. We studied human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC] as selected part of the feto-placental unit from uncomplicated (n = 46) and diseased (n = 27; 17 PE and 10 HELLP) pregnancies by measuring the overall FAO, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), respiratory chain (RC) complexes I-V, citratesynthase (CS), lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and energy rich phosphates. Maternal and infantile acylcarnitines in blood were investigated post partum. Overall FAO, RC complexes II-V, and CS were significantly compromised in HUVEC from complicated pregnancies; impairment of complexes I + III was not significant. CPT2 and energy charges were unaffected. Lactatedehydrogenase and PFK from complicated pregnancies were upregulated, and HK remained constant. In blood, carnitine was elevated in diseased women and their children, acylcarnitines were higher in affected infants. Impaired mitochondrial function in HUVEC is associated with PE/HELLP syndrome and may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases.