Seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity and semen parameters in patients with varicocele

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated in the seminal plasma of infertile patients with varicocele in relation to their semen parameters. The study recruited 60 patients affected by varicocele and 10 fertile non-varicocele subjects as controls. Controls had normal semen parameters and proven fertility. On the basis of semen parameters, patients with varicocele were grouped into normozoospermic (n = 12), asthenozoospermic (n = 8), oligoasthenozoospermic (n = 40). The group with oligosthenozoospermia was divided into mild (<20 x 10(6)/ml; >= 15 x 10(6)/ml), moderate (<15 x 10(6)/ml; >= 5 x 10(6)/ml), and severe (<5 x 10(6)/ml), based on sperm count. Antioxidant activity was measured in seminal plasma and peripheral blood using the free oxygen radicals defence test. No significant differences were observed in peripheral blood TAC concentrations between controls and groups. In patients with varicocele and moderate oligoasthenozoospermia or severe oligoasthenozoospermia, seminal plasma TAC concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in controls and normozoospermic patients with varicocele. Moreover, in patients with severe oligosthenozoospermia, seminal plasma TAC concentrations were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in asthenozoozpermic patients with varicocele. In all subjects, concentrations of TAC showed a positive correlation with sperm concentration (r = 0.93, P < 0.05) and motility (r = 0.92, P < 0.05).