Journal
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-27
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Funding
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Academic Center of Excellence: Comparative Genomics: Genes Involved in Physiopathological Processes in the Biomedical and Agricultural Fields University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy [2008YTYNKE_001]
- Finanziamenti d'Ateneo, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy [ORBA10YTAK]
- ONEV project Omica e Nanotecnologie applicate agli Esseri Viventi per la diagnosi di malattie [MIUR PONa3_00134, Avviso n254/RC 18/05/2011]
- [TAMOP-4.2.2. B-10/1]
- [TAMOP-4.2.1. B-11/2/KMR-2011-0003]
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitrification on morpho-functional parameters (blastomere/chromatin integrity and bioenergy/oxidative potential) of mouse preimplantation embryos. Methods: In vivo produced mouse (4/16-cell, morulae and blastocyst-stage) embryos were randomly divided into vitrification and control groups. For vitrification, embryos were exposed to a 2-step loading of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, before being placed in a small nylon loop and submerged into liquid nitrogen. After warming, the cryoprotectants were diluted by a 3-step procedure. Embryo morphology, chromatin integrity and energy/oxidative status were compared between groups. Results: Vitrification induced low grade blastomere cytofragmentation (P < 0.05) and low chromatin damage only in embryos at the morula stage (P < 0.001). Mitochondrial (mt) distribution pattern was affected by vitrification only in early embryos (P < 0.001). Mitochondrial activity did not change upon vitrification in morula-stage embryos but it was reduced in blastocyst-stage embryos (P < 0.05). Intracellular ROS levels significantly increased in embryos at the morula and blastocyst stages (P < 0.001). Colocalization of active mitochondria and ROS increased only in vitrified blastocysts. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study elucidates the developmentally-related and mild effects of vitrification on morphology, nuclear and bioenergy/oxidative parameters of mouse embryos and demonstrates that vitrification is a suitable method for preserving predictive parameters of embryo ability to induce a full-term pregnancy.
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