Inhibition of ovulation by a lipoxygenase inhibitor involves reduced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E-2 production in gonadotropin-primed immature rats

Potential roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism are established in a murine model of induced ovulation. Pharmacological inhibition of an alternative lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway has been shown to cause defective ovulation, but the mechanism is still undefined. This study investigated the effects of two LOX inhibitors and their time dependency on ovulation and COX activity in gonadotropins (eCG and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG))-primed immature rats. Intra-ovarian bursal treatment with a general LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) at 0 h post-hCG (hCG0h) dose dependently inhibited ovulation rate. The drug was still but less effective when treated at hCG6h. A more specific inhibitor, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (DPE) was also inhibitory when treated at hCG0h but not at hCG6h. Interestingly, treatment with DPE at hCG0h resulted in attenuated expression of immunoreactive PTGS2 in granulosa layers and concomitant decrease in ovarian prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) content at hCG8h. NDGA treatment reduced immunoreactive PTGS2. Ovulatory impairment by both inhibitors was prevented by systemic administration of PGE(2) at hCG6h. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of ALOX5 and ALOX12 in both thecal and granulosa layers of preovulatory follicles and, notably, the augmented immunoreactivities during 8 h after hCG treatment. Our results indicate the probable presence of multiple LOX isoforms and that specific inhibition of LOX at an early stage of hCG-signaling led to reduced PTGS2 activity and thus defective ovulation. They reveal a probable relationship between two pathways of AA metabolism and account at least partly for the mechanism by which the LOX inhibitor causes impaired ovulation.