Journal
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
Volume 76, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/12/126601
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Funding
- United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE)
- US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE AC02-06CH11357]
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In this review we discuss recent research on driving self-assembly of magnetic particle suspensions subjected to alternating magnetic fields. The variety of structures and effects that can be induced in such systems is remarkably broad due to the large number of variables involved. The alternating field can be uniaxial, biaxial or triaxial, the particles can be spherical or anisometric, and the suspension can be dispersed throughout a volume or confined to a soft interface. In the simplest case the field drives the static or quasistatic assembly of unusual particle structures, such as sheets, networks and open-cell foams. More complex, emergent collective behaviors evolve in systems that can follow the time-dependent field vector. In these cases energy is continuously injected into the system and striking flow patterns and structures can arise. In fluid volumes these include the formation of advection and vortex lattices. At air-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces striking dynamic particle assemblies emerge due to the particle-mediated coupling of the applied field to surface excitations. These out-of-equilibrium interface assemblies exhibit a number of remarkable phenomena, including self-propulsion and surface mixing. In addition to discussing various methods of driven self-assembly in magnetic suspensions, some of the remarkable properties of these novel materials are described.
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