Evaluation of ligustrazine on the prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in rats

Objective: To determine the effects of ligustrazine on the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in rats. Materials and methods: Abdominal adhesions were induced by scraping the cecum of rats. Various dosages of ligustrazine were administered for 10 days after surgery. Grades of abdominal adhesions were ranked by macroscopic observation on the 11th day after surgery. Meanwhile, the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-a in blood serum and TGF-beta(1), CTGF in peritoneal fluid were determined by ELISA assay. In the cell experiment, the secretion of FN and CTGF undergoing stimulation with TGF beta(1) in the culture fluid of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMC) were measured by ELISA assay. And the expression of Smad7 and p-smad 2/3 in RPMC were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: Ligustrazine remarkably alleviated the adhesions at the dose of 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg compared with the non-treated surgery group (p < 0.05). Ligustrazine decreased the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha in blood serum and the expression of TGF-beta(1), CTGF in the peritoneal fluid in dose-dependent manner. In the cell experiment, ligustrazine markedly attenuated TGF-beta(1) induced upregulation of FN and CTGF in RPMC. Meanwhile, ligustrazine significantly inhibited the expression of pSmad 2/3 and increased the level of Smad7 in the RPMC. Conclusions: Ligustrazine is a potent postoperative adhesion preventer by inhibiting inflammation and regulating the TGF/Smad signaling pathway. (C) 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.