Journal
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 513-526Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/RME.09.25
Keywords
dendritic cells; human embryonic stem cells; immunotherapy; monocytic cells; vaccine
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Funding
- Medical Research Council [G0300230, G0802538] Funding Source: Medline
- MRC [G0300230, G0802538] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0300230, G0802538] Funding Source: researchfish
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Aim: Dendritic cell (DO-based vaccines have a potential utility for use in the treatment of malignancy. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide a more cost-effective and reliable source of DCs for immunotherapy purposes, providing on-demand access for patients. Method: We developed a protocol to generate DCs from hESCs in vitro in the absence of serum and feeder cells. This protocol uses growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), stem cell factor and VEGF in serum-free media to generate hESC-derived monocytic cells. These cells are further differentiated to hESC-derived immature DCs with GM-CSF and ILA and matured to hESC-derived mature DCs with a maturation cocktail consisting of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma and PGE2. Results: This study demonstrates the applicability of our defined differentiation process in generating functional hESC-derived DCs from multiple hESC lines. We show that hESC-derived immature DCs phagocytose, process, and present antigen upon maturation. hESC-derived mature DCs express the maturation marker CD83, produce Th1-directing cytokine IL-12p70, migrate in response to chemokine, and activate both viral and tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. Conclusion: We developed a chemically defined system to generate unlimited numbers of DCs from hESCs. Our results demonstrate that hESC-derived DCs generated from this process are immunogenic and have the potential to be used for DC immunotherapy.
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