Journal
RADIOLOGY
Volume 251, Issue 1, Pages 67-76Publisher
RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2511080666
Keywords
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Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01 DK075128]
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [U01DK061734]
- San Diego EXPORT Center
- National Center of Minority Health and Health Disparities [P60 MD00220]
- National Center for Research Resources for the General Clinical Research Center at the University of California, San Diego [M01 RR000827]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [M01RR000827] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER ON MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES [P60MD000220] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [T32DK007202, U01DK061734, U01DK061730, R01DK075128] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Purpose: To assess the accuracy of four fat quantification methods at low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by using MR spectroscopy as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: In this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant prospective study, 110 subjects (29 with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD, 50 overweight and at risk for NAFLD, and 31 healthy volunteers) (mean age, 32.6 years +/- 15.6 [standard deviation]; range, 8-66 years) gave informed consent and underwent MR spectroscopy and GRE MR imaging of the liver. Spectroscopy involved a long repetition time (to suppress T1 effects) and multiple echo times (to estimate T2 effects); the reference fat fraction (FF) was calculated from T2-corrected fat and water spectral peak areas. Imaging involved a low flip angle (to suppress T1 effects) and multiple echo times (to estimate T2* effects); imaging FF was calculated by using four analysis methods of progressive complexity: dual echo, triple echo, multiecho, and multiinterference. All methods except dual echo corrected for T2* effects. The multiinterference method corrected for multiple spectral interference effects of fat. For each method, the accuracy for diagnosis of fatty liver, as defined with a spectroscopic threshold, was assessed by estimating sensitivity and specificity; fat-grading accuracy was assessed by comparing imaging and spectroscopic FF values by using linear regression. Results: Dual-echo, triple-echo, multiecho, and multiinterference methods had a sensitivity of 0.817, 0.967, 0.950, and 0.983 and a specificity of 1.000, 0.880, 1.000, and 0.880, respectively. On the basis of regression slope and intercept, the multiinterference (slope, 0.98; intercept, 0.91%) method had high fat-grading accuracy without statistically significant error (P > .05). Dual-echo (slope, 0.98; intercept, -2.90%), triple-echo (slope, 0.94; intercept, 1.42%), and multiecho (slope, 0.85; intercept, -0.15%) methods had statistically significant error (P < .05). Conclusion: Relaxation- and interference-corrected fat quantification at low-flip-angle multiecho GRE MR imaging provides high diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy in NAFLD. (c) RSNA, 2009
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