Iso-osmolality versus low-osmolality iodinated contrast medium at intravenous contrast-enhanced CT: Effect on kidney function

Purpose: To determine the effects of iso-osmolality contrast medium compared with a low-osmolality agent on renal function (serum creatinine [SCr] and glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) in high-risk patients undergoing intravenous contrast material-enhanced CT. Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study was IRB-approved; formal consent was obtained. One hundred seventeen patients (83 men, 34 women; mean age, 64.3 years; range, 18-86 years) with decreased renal function underwent contrast-enhanced CT with either iso-osmolality iodixanol (n = 61) or low-osmolality iopromide (n = 56). Outcome measures were of SCr increase or GFR decrease for 3 days after CT, a SCr increase (of >= 0.5 mg/dL [44.2 mu mol/L, 25%] or >= 1.0 mg/dL [88.4 mu mol/L, 50%]), a GFR reduction (of >= 5 mL/min), and patient outcome at 30- and 90-day follow-up. Results: Iodixanol decreased SCr (mean +/- standard deviation) from 1.77 mg/dL +/- 0.24 (156.47 mu mol/L +/- 21.22) at baseline to 1.65 mg/dL +/- 0.35 (145.86 mu mol/L +/- 30.94, P = .046) at day 1, 1.73 mg/dL +/- 0.53 (152.93 mu mol/L +/- 46.85, not significant) at day 2, and 1.73 mg/dL +/- 0.55 (152.93 mu mol/L +/- 48.62, not significant) at day 3 ( not significant). Iopromide increased SCr from 1.75 mg/dL +/- 0.32 (154.7 mu mol/L +/- 28.29) at baseline to 1.8 mg/dL +/- 0.42 (159.12 mu mol/L +/- 15.59) at day 1, 1.77 mg/dL +/- 0.49 (156.47 mu mol/L +/- 43.32) at day 2, and 1.77 mg/dL +/- 0.62 (156.47 mu mol/L +/- 54.81) at day 3 (not significant). Iodixanol increased and iopromide decreased GFR on all 3 days after CT (not significant). Fewer patients in the iodixanol group (8.5%) than in the iopromide group (27.8%) had SCr increase >= 0.5 mg/dL or higher (>= 25%, P = .012). Two patients in each group had SCr increase of 1.0 mg/dL or more ( not significant). More patients in the iopromide group (42.3%) than in the iodoxanol group (24.1%) had a GFR reduction of 5 mL/min or higher (P=.0426). No patient had a contrast material-related adverse event at 30- or 90-day follow-up. Conclusion: Intravenous contrast material application in high-risk patients is unlikely to be associated with permanent adverse outcomes. SCr levels after contrast material administration are lower in iodixanol than iopromide groups. (c) RSNA, 2008.