Common and Less-Common Renal Masses and Masslike Conditions

As an increasing number of imaging examinations are performed, a greater number of incidental renal lesions are detected. Apart from the usual cysts and solid renal cell carcinomas, a variety of unusual benign and malignant renal lesions exist. Imaging is invaluable in characterizing these lesions and is confirmatory in some benign lesions. Renal cell carcinoma remains the diagnosis of exclusion; however, assessment of the imaging pattern in the appropriate clinical context can improve diagnostic accuracy. The objective of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with the imaging appearance of unusual non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and correlate with histopathologic studies when available.