Journal
QUARTERLY REVIEWS OF BIOPHYSICS
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 103-132Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0033583508004691
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Funding
- JSPS
- BBSRC [BB/E00458X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/E00458X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary nano-machine, about 45 nm in diameter, embedded in the bacterial cell envelope. It is powered by the flux of H+ or Na+ ions across the cytoplasmic membrane driven by an electrochemical gradient. the proton-motive force or the sodium-motive force. Each motor rotates a helical filament at several hundreds of revolutions per second (hertz). In many species, the motor switches direction stochastically, with the switching rates controlled by a network of sensory and signalling proteins, The bacterial flagellar motor was confirmed as a rotary motor in the early 1970s, the first direct observation of the function of a single molecular motor. However, because of the large size and complexity of the motor, much remains to be discovered, in particular, the structural details of the torque-generating mechanism. This review outlines what has been learned about the structure and function of the motor using a combination of genetics, single-molecule and biophysical techniques, with a focus on recent results and single-molecule techniques.
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