Journal
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 142, Issue 695, Pages 546-561Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/qj.2401
Keywords
sea ice; Arctic; predictability; perfect model; prediction; initialization; ensembles
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Funding
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
- Natural Environment Research Council [ncas10009, NE/I029447/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/I029447/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy and water budget and has a substantial impact on local and remote atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Predictions of Arctic sea-ice conditions a few months to a few years in advance could be of interest for stakeholders. This article presents a review of the potential sources of Arctic sea-ice predictability on these time-scales. Predictability mainly originates from persistence or advection of sea-ice anomalies, interactions with the ocean and atmosphere and changes in radiative forcing. After estimating the inherent potential predictability limit with state-of-the-art models, current sea-ice forecast systems are described, together with their performance. Finally, some challenges and issues in sea-ice forecasting are presented, along with suggestions for future research priorities.
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