Levels and correlates of nutritional status of women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh

Objective: The present study examined the prevalence of and risk factors for malnutrition in a population-based cohort of women of childbearing age in rural Bangladesh. Design: A cross-sectional study that collected pre-pregnancy weight, height, and data on selected risk factors for nutritional status of women. Setting: The study was conducted in Sylhet District of Bangladesh. Subjects: Study subjects included 13 230 non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Women were classified into underweight (<18.5 kg/m(2)), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) and overweight/obese (>= 25.0 kg/m(2)) using BMI; and into moderate to severe stunting (<150 cm), mild stunting (150- <155 cm) and normal (>= 155 cm) using height. Two multinomial logistic regression models were fitted for BMI: model 1 examined individual and household factors associated with BMI, and model 2 additionally examined the association of community variables. The same analysis was conducted for height. Results: Prevalence of underweight, overweight/obesity and moderate to severe stunting was 37.0, 7.2 and 48.6 %, respectively. Women's education and household wealth were inversely related to both underweight status and stunting. Underweight rate was significantly lower in the post-harvest season. Women with any education and who belonged to households with higher wealth were more likely to be overweight/obese. Conclusions: The study documented high underweight and stunting, and moderate overweight/obesity rates among rural Bangladeshi women; and recommends design and implementation of a multidimensional intervention programme based on individual-, household- and community-level risk factors that can address underweight, stunting and overweight/obesity to improve the nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Bangladesh.