Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES-68)

Objective: Few dietary surveys have been done with reference to chronic diseases, such as diabetes, in India, which is considered to be the diabetes capital of the world. We report on the dietary intake of urban adults living in Chennai, South India. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: A representative population of urban Chennai in southern India. Subjects: The study population comprised 2042 individuals aged >= 20 years selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). Dietary intake was measured using a validated and previously published interviewer-administered semi-quantitative meal-based FFQ. Results: The mean daily energy intake was 10 393 (SD 2347) kJ (male: 10 953 (SD 2364) kJ v. female: 9832 (SD 233) kJ). Carbohydrates were the major source of energy (64 %), followed by fat (24 %) and protein (12 %). Refined cereals contributed to the bulk of the energy (45.8 %), followed by visible fats and oils (12.4%) and pulses and legumes (7.8 %). However, energy supply from sugar and sweetened beverages was within the recommended levels. Intake of micronutrient-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetable consumption (265 g/d), and fish and seafoods (20 g/d), was far below the FAO/WHO recommendation. Dairy and meat products intake was within the national recommended intake. Conclusions: The diet of this urban South Indian population consists mainly of refined cereals with low intake of fish, fruit and vegetables, and all of these could possibly contribute to the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes in this population.