Journal
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 226, Issue 1, Pages 53-63Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2883-x
Keywords
Ketamine; Triazolam; Cognitive; Memory; Psychomotor; Metacognition
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01 DA03889, T32 DA07209]
- Abbott Laboratories
- Alexza Pharmaceuticals
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Hoffman-La Roche Inc.
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- Merck Co.
- Neurocrine Biosciences
- Novartis
- Pharmacia Corporation
- Pfizer
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Somaxon Pharmaceuticals
- Transcept Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
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Several studies have documented impairments in memory processes as a result of ketamine administration; however, few studies have compared the profile of cognitive effects of ketamine to other drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the cognitive effects of ketamine with those of triazolam in healthy volunteers. Doses of ketamine (0.2, 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular (i.m.)), triazolam (0.2, 0.4 mg/70 kg p.o.), and double-dummy placebos were administered to 20 volunteers under repeated measures, counterbalanced, double-blind conditions. Peak physiological, psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects were examined. Ketamine impaired balance when balance was assessed early in the task order, whereas triazolam impaired psychomotor coordination and divided attention irrespective of task order. Triazolam also tended to produce greater effects on working memory and episodic memory tasks than ketamine at doses that produced lower subjective effects and higher estimates of performance. Ketamine produces less cognitive impairment than triazolam at doses that produced greater subjective effects. Thus ketamine does not produce the underestimation of cognitive impairment typically seen with triazolam.
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