Journal
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 204, Issue 1, Pages 61-71Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1437-8
Keywords
Anxiety; Ultrasonic vocalizations; Mouse pups; NMDA receptor; mGluR2/3; GABA(A) receptor subtypes; Motor activity; Motor incoordination
Categories
Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA013983, AA 013983] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA002632, DA02632] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH46851, R01 MH046851-18, R01 MH046851] Funding Source: Medline
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Dysregulation of GABAergic inhibition and glutamatergic excitation has been implicated in exaggerated anxiety. Mouse pups emit distress-like ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) when they are separated from their dam/siblings, and this behavior is reduced by benzodiazepines (BZs) which modulate GABAergic inhibition. The roles of glutamate receptors on USVs remain to be investigated. We examined the roles of glutamate receptor subtypes on mouse pup USVs using N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists with different affinities [dizocilpine (MK-801), memantine, and neramexane] and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (LY-379268) and antagonist (LY-341495). These effects were compared with classic BZs: flunitrazepam, bromazepam, and chlordiazepoxide. To assess the role of GABA(A) receptor subunits on USVs, drugs that have preferential actions at different GABA(A)-alpha subunits (L-838417 and QH-ii-066) were tested. Seven-day-old CFW mouse pups were separated from their dam and littermates and placed individually on a 19A degrees C test platform for 4 min. Grid crossings and body rolls were measured in addition to USVs. Dizocilpine dose-dependently reduced USVs, whereas memantine and neramexane showed biphasic effects and enhanced USVs at low to moderate doses. The NMDA receptor antagonists increased locomotion. LY-379268 reduced USVs but also suppressed locomotion. All BZs reduced USVs and increased motor incoordination. Neither L-838417 nor QH-ii-066 changed USVs, but both induced motor incoordination. Low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonists, but not the high-affinity antagonist, enhanced mouse pup distress calls, which may be reflective of an anxiety-like state. BZs reduced USVs but also induced motor incoordination, possibly mediated by the alpha 5 subunit containing GABA(A) receptors.
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