Journal
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 69, Pages 94-98Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3189/2015AoG69A006
Keywords
sea-ice dynamics
Funding
- US National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC 0520574]
- NSF [AON 1023662]
- Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
- IARC Collaboration Studies
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) under the Arctic Research Plan Utilizing the IARC JAXA Information System (IJIS) and Satellite Imagery
- Arctic Observing Network, NSF
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1560908] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1412805] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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During summer 2007, perennial sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, experienced an unprecedented amount of basal melt. It has previously been shown that this basal melt was linked to an increase in open-water fraction, increasing absorption of solar radiation into the ocean. GPS ice drifters, deployed around the site where the unprecedented basal melt was observed, provide a coincident observation of local divergence. This divergence is used to drive a multi-thickness category thermodynamic sea-ice model. We demonstrate that similar to 75% of the observed open-water fraction by midsummer 2007 can be attributed to ice pack divergence during the growth season, preconditioning the ice pack for early melt in summer. Divergence during the melt season explains the remaining 25% of open water. Enhanced ice pack divergence in spring and summer 2007, in response to the increased transport of ice out of the Beaufort Sea, was sufficient to explain the melt observed in summer 2007 and the heat stored in the upper ocean at the end of summer.
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