Journal
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 64, Issue 3, Pages 279-283Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02079.x
Keywords
cholesterol; depression; high-density lipoprotein; lipids; major depressive disorder
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Funding
- Kuopio University Hospital EVO
- Academy of Finland [116996]
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Aims: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the association between depression and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is modified by symptom duration. Methods: Depressed patients (n = 88) and an age- and sex-matched group of healthy general population controls (n = 88) underwent a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), and depressed participants reported the duration of their symptoms. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and non-HDL, and the ratios of LDL-C/HDL and TC/HDL-C were assessed. Results: Major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects with a long symptom duration (>= 3 years) had lower levels of HDL-C compared with healthy controls or MDD subjects with a symptom duration <3 years. The likelihood for long symptom duration doubled for each 0.5-mmol/L decrease in HDL-C levels in regression models adjusted for age, gender, marital status, overweight, symptom severity, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical exercise, medication use, and non-HDL-C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a low serum HDL-C level, a risk factor for coronary heart disease, is specifically associated with long-term depressive symptomatology.
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