Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201500829
Keywords
charge accumulation; hysteresis; perovskite solar cells; slow dynamics
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Funding
- NTU [M4080514, M4081293]
- SPMS collaborative Research Award [M4080536]
- Ministry of Education AcRF [MOE2013-T2-1-081, MOE2014-T2-1-044]
- Singapore NRF through the Competitive Research Program [NRF-CRP4-2008-03]
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) CREATE Programme
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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 have achieved great success with efficiencies exceeding 20%. However, there are increasing concerns over some reported efficiencies as the cells are susceptible to current-voltage (I-V) hysteresis effects. It is therefore essential that the origins and mechanisms of the I-V hysteresis can clearly be understood to minimize or eradicate these hysteresis effects completely for reliable quantification. Here, a detailed electro-optical study is presented that indicates the hysteresis originates from lingering processes persisting from sub-second to tens of seconds. Photocurrent transients, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, quasi-steady state photoinduced absorption processes, and X-ray diffraction in the perovskite solar cell configuration have been monitored. The slow processes originate from the structural response of the CH3NH3PbI3 upon E-field application and/or charge accumulation, possibly involving methylammonium ions rotation/displacement and lattice distortion. The charge accumulation can arise from inefficient charge transfer at the perovskite interfaces, where it plays a pivotal role in the hysteresis. These findings underpin the significance of efficient charge transfer in reducing the hysteresis effects. Further improvements of CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells are possible through careful surface engineering of existing TiO2 or through a judicious choice of alternative interfacial layers.
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