Journal
PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS
Volume 79, Issue 4, Pages 1318-1328Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/prot.22972
Keywords
protein folding; molecular simulations; protein force field; Free-energy landscape
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Funding
- Royal Society
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Although it is now possible to fold peptides and miniproteins in molecular dynamics simulations, it is well appreciated that force fields are not all transferable to different proteins. Here, we investigate the influence of the protein force field and the solvent model on the folding energy landscape of a prototypical two-state folder, the GB1 hairpin. We use extensive replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the free-energy surface as a function of temperature. Most of these force fields appear similar at a global level, giving a fraction folded at 300 K between 0.2 and 0.8 in all cases, which is a difference in stability of 2.8 kT, and are generally consistent with experimental data at this temperature. The most significant differences appear in the unfolded state, where there are different residual secondary structures which are populated, and the overall dimensions of the unfolded states, which in most of the force fields are too collapsed relative to experimental Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) data.
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