Journal
ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 100-112Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/co500109f
Keywords
continuous hydrothermal; zinc oxide; photocatalytic activity; doping; UV attenuator
Funding
- University of Nottingham (EPSRC) [EP/F019750/1]
- [EP/F01919X/1]
- EPSRC [EP/F01919X/1, EP/F019750/1, EP/D038499/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F019750/1, EP/F01919X/1, EP/D038499/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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In this paper, we demonstrate the use of continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) technology to rapidly produce a library of 56 crystalline (doped) zinc oxide nanopowders and two undoped samples, each with different particle properties. Each sample was produced in series from the mixing of an aqueous stream of basic zinc nitrate (and dopant ion or modifier) solution with a flow of superheated water (at 450 degrees C and 24.1 MPa), whereupon a crystalline nanoparticle slurry was rapidly formed. Each composition was collected in series, cleaned, freeze-dried, and then characterized using analytical methods, including powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Photocatalytic activity of the samples toward the decolorization of methylene blue dye was assessed, and the results revealed that transition metal dopants tended to reduce the photoactivity while rare earth ions, in general, increased the photocatalytic activity. In general, low dopant concentrations were more beneficial to having greater photodecolorization in all cases.
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