Journal
ACS CATALYSIS
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 5822-5826Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01327
Keywords
biofuels; ethanol upgrading; butanol; ruthenium; Guerbet catalysis
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Funding
- BP Biofuels
- Bristol Chemical Synthesis Centre for Doctoral Training [EP/G036764/1]
- EPSRC [EP/K014854/1, EP/K03927X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K03927X/1, 1245544, EP/K014854/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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We report several ruthenium catalysts incorporating mixed donor phosphine-amine ligands for the upgrade of ethanol to the advanced biofuel n-butanol, which show high selectivity (>= 90%) at good (up to 31%) conversion. In situ formation of catalysts from mixtures of [RuCl2(eta(6)-p-cymene)](2) and 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine (1) shows enhanced activity at initial water concentrations higher than those of our previously reported diphosphine systems. Preliminary mechanistic studies (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) suggest the possibility of ligand-assisted proton transfer in some derivatives.
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