Journal
ACS CATALYSIS
Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 7379-7384Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02170
Keywords
graphene; hydrogenation; low-temperatrue; levulinic acid; gamma-valerolactone; water
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Funding
- Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB215305]
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Low-temperature efficient hydrogenation of C=O bonds in various compounds, which is one of the most important processes for producing fuels and chemicals, is of fundamental interest but remains a significant challenge. The primary problem is a lack of heterogeneous catalyst systems that are highly active at ambient or low temperatures. This paper describes an efficient strategy for designing a low-temperature hydrogenation catalyst. Ru nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (Ru/RGO) show remarkable efficiency for hydrogenation of levulinic acid into gamma valerolactone at temperatures as low as -10 degrees C. The catalyst is also highly active toward low-temperature hydrogenation of C=O bonds in other carbonyl compounds into C-OH bonds, such as furfural, propionaldehyde, 2-pentanone, hydroxyacetone, acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, and benzophenone. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Fourier transform infrared demonstrate that the electron transfer between Ru and RGO leads to the formation of an electron-rich state of Ru nanoparticles that are highly effective for activating C=O bonds.
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