Journal
ACS CATALYSIS
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 5904-5913Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01309
Keywords
terephthalic acid; dimethyl terephthalate; ethylene; 5-(hydroxymethy)furfural; Diels-Alder cycloaddition; dehydration; zirconium-beta; tin-beta; kinetic isotope effect
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Funding
- Toray Industries
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Silica molecular sieves that have the zeolite beta topology and contain framework Lewis acid centers (e.g., Zr-beta, Sn-beta) are useful catalysts in the Diels-Alder and dehydrative aromatization reactions between ethylene and various renewable furans for the production of biobased terephthalic acid precursors. Here, the main side products in the synthesis of methyl 4-(methoxymethyl)benzene carboxylate that are obtained by reacting ethylene with methyl 5-(methoxymethyl)-furan-2-carboxylate are identified, and an overall reaction pathway is proposed. Madon-Boudart experiments using Zr-beta samples of varying Si/Zr ratios clearly indicate that there are no transport limitations to the rate of reaction for the synthesis of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene and strongly suggest no mass transport limitations in the synthesis of methyl p-toluate from methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and ethylene. Measured apparent activation energies for these reaction-limited systems are small (<10.5 kcal/mol), suggesting that apparent activation energies are derived from a collection of parameters and are not true activation energies for a single chemical step. In addition, C-13 kinetic isotope effects (KIE) in the synthesis of MMBC and MPT measured by gas chromatography/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry in reactant-depletion experiments support the Madon-Boudart result that these systems are not transport-limited and the KIE values agree with those previously reported for Diels Alder cycloadditions.
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