Journal
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 1-18Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.10.001
Keywords
Age-related macular degeneration; Inflammation; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Genetics Retinal pigment epithelium; Retinal photoreceptors; Drusen; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Bruch's membrane; Molecular pathology
Categories
Funding
- NEI Intramural Research Program
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [ZIAEY000222, ZICEY000461, ZIAEY000418] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD remain largely unclear, a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors is thought to exist. AMD pathology is characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane, as well as, in some cases, alterations in choroidal capillaries. Recent research on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of AMD brings to light several basic molecular pathways and pathophysiological processes that might mediate AMD risk, progression, and/or response to therapy. This review summarizes, in detail, the molecular pathological findings in both humans and animal models, including genetic variations in CFH, CX3CR1, and ARMS2/HtrA1, as well as the role of numerous molecules implicated in inflammation, apoptosis, cholesterol trafficking, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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