Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8000
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Funding
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- UK Medical Research Council (MRC) [MC-A760-5QX00]
- UK Department for the International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement
- JDRF UK Centre for Diabetes-Genes, Autoimmunity and Prevention (D-GAP) [4-2007-1003]
- JDRF [9-2011-253, 3-2011-374, JDRF 17-2012-16, 1-2006-665]
- Wellcome Trust [WT061858/091157, WT100140, WT089989]
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (CBRC)
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cusrow Wadia Fund
- European Union [241447]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG ZI-310/14-1, DFG ZI-310/14-2, DFG ZI-310/14-3, DFG ZI-310/14-4]
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)
- DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden [FZ 111]
- MRC [MC_U123292700, MC_EX_MR/M01424X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U123292700, MC_EX_MR/M01424X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0508-10275, NF-SI-0513-10143] Funding Source: researchfish
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Seasonal variations are rarely considered a contributing component to human tissue function or health, although many diseases and physiological process display annual periodicities. Here we find more than 4,000 protein-coding mRNAs in white blood cells and adipose tissue to have seasonal expression profiles, with inverted patterns observed between Europe and Oceania. We also find the cellular composition of blood to vary by season, and these changes, which differ between the United Kingdom and The Gambia, could explain the gene expression periodicity. With regards to tissue function, the immune system has a profound pro-inflammatory transcriptomic profile during European winter, with increased levels of soluble IL-6 receptor and C-reactive protein, risk biomarkers for cardiovascular, psychiatric and autoimmune diseases that have peak incidences in winter. Circannual rhythms thus require further exploration as contributors to various aspects of human physiology and disease.
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